A sex-specific pathway linking early life maltreatment, vagal activity, and depressive symptoms.

Background: Experiences of early life maltreatment (ELM) are alarmingly common and represent a risk factor for the development of psychopathology, particularly depression. Research has focused on alterations in autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning as a mediator of negative mental health outcomes associated with ELM. Early alterations in autonomic vagal activity (vmHRV) may moderate the relationship between ELM and depression, particularly when considering forms of emotional maltreatment. Recent evidence suggests that the relationships of both ELM and vmHRV with depression may be non-linear, particularly considering females.Objective: Building on and extending theoretical considerations and previous work, the present work aims to further the current understanding of the complex relationships between ELM exposure, vmHRV, and depression.Methods: This study uses an adaptive modelling approach, combining exploratory network-based analyses with linear and quadratic moderation analyses, drawing on a large sample of males and females across adolescence (total N = 213; outpatient at-risk sample and healthy controls) and adulthood (total N = 85; community-based convenience sample).Results: Exploratory network-based analyses reveal that exposure to emotional abuse is particularly central within a network of ELM subtypes, depressive symptoms, and concurrent vmHRV in both adolescents and adults. In adults, emotional neglect shows strong associations with both emotional abuse and vmHRV and is highly central as a network node, which is not observed in adolescents. Moderator analyses reveal significant interactions between emotional maltreatment and vmHRV predicting depressive symptoms in adult females. Significant quadratic relationships of emotional maltreatment and vmHRV with depression are observed in both adolescent and adult females.Conclusions: The present findings contribute to the understanding of the psychological and physiological mechanisms by which ELM acts as a risk factor for the development of depression. Ultimately, this will contribute to the development of targeted and effective intervention strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects of early adversity.

Early exposure to chronic and severe adversity, which includes experiences of maltreatment, defined by the World Health Organization as physical, sexual, emotional abuse and/or neglect of children under the age of 18, is highly prevalent in the general population (estimated at 40­50 percent), and is a well-documented risk factor for depression.The present work combines network-based analyses with tests of different functions (i.e. linear, nonlinear quadratic) in moderator analyses to further explore the complex relationships among ELM exposure, vmHRV, and depression.The present findings contribute to the understanding of the psychological and physiological mechanisms by which early exposure to chronic and severe maltreatment acts as a risk factor for the development of depression.Ultimately, this will contribute to the development of targeted and effective intervention strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects of early adversity.

Associations between stressful life events in childhood/adolescence and adulthood: results from the 7th Tromsø survey.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to highly stressful life events (SLEs), such as accidents, violence, or serious illness, is common. With the accumulation of SLEs, the risk of detrimental somatic and mental health outcomes increases. To understand patterns of SLE exposure, research into the associations between SLEs is needed. METHOD: The sample comprised 21,069 participants of the population-based Tromsø7 (2015/2016) study (52.7% female, mean age = 57.3 years, SD = 11.4 years). Participants were asked whether they had experienced eleven SLEs in childhood/adolescence and adulthood. Correlations, network analysis, and logistic regression analysis were used to examine the associations between SLEs. RESULTS: Medium-sized to large correlations between SLEs in childhood/adolescence and SLEs in adulthood were found. Two clusters of SLEs emerged in the network analysis in childhood/adolescence and in adulthood, respectively, interpreted as interpersonal (e.g. violence and sexual abuse) and impersonal SLEs (e.g. a life-threatening illness or serious accident). SLEs in childhood/adolescence predicted the number of SLEs in adulthood as well as exposure to the specific SLE categories in adulthood. Childhood neglect was an important predictor of SLE exposure in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: Public health policies should focus on the prevention of SLEs and the early intervention after SLE exposure, especially childhood neglect.

Highly stressful life events (SLEs) are systematically interconnected.SLEs in childhood and adolescence are associated with exposure to SLEs in adulthood.Childhood physical and emotional neglect is strongly related to other SLEs in childhood/adolescence and adulthood.

Análise estrutural e funcional da rede social de usuários do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial: caminhos para a Atenção Psicossocial / Análisis estructural y funcional de la red social de usuarios del Centro de Atención Psicosocial: caminos hacia la Rehabilitación Psicosocial / Structural and functional analysis of the social network of users of the Psychosocial Care Center: the pathways of Psychosocial Care

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar as características estruturais, as funções e os atributos dos vínculos, nas redes sociais, de usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (Caps). Para isso, desenvolveu-se um estudo qualitativo em que participaram 16 usuários de um Caps. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade e semiestruturadas com base no diagrama do Mapa de Redes. Identificaram-se redes sociais extensas e com concentração de relações íntimas, circunscritas aos familiares e aos serviços de saúde. Após o adoecimento, os participantes relataram relações familiares fragilizadas. A apropriação dos espaços na comunidade e nas relações de amizade favoreceu a estruturação das redes. A análise do Mapa de Redes compreende uma ferramenta analisadora indicando, à produção do cuidado em Saúde Mental, os rumos para a Atenção Psicossocial. (AU)

Resumen El objetivo fue analizar las características estructurales, las funciones y los atributos de los vínculos en las redes sociales de usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial. Para ello, se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo en el que participaron 16 usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y semiestructuradas con base en el diagrama del mapa de Red. Se identificaron redes sociales extensas y con concentración de relaciones íntimas, circunscritas a los familiares y a los servicios de salud. Después de la enfermedad, los participantes relataron relaciones familiares fragilizadas. La apropiación de los espacios en la comunidad y en las redes incluye una herramienta de análisis, indicando a la producción del cuidado de salud mental los rumbos para la atención psicosocial. (AU)

Abstract The objective was to analyze the structural characteristics, functions and attributes of bonds in the social networks of users of a Psychosocial Care Center. For this purpose, a qualitative study was developed in which 16 users of a Psychosocial Care Center participated. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were carried out based on the Network Map diagram. Extensive social networks were identified, with a concentration of intimate relationships, limited to family members and health services. After the illness, the participants reported fragile family relationships. The appropriation of spaces in the community and in friendship relationships favored the structuring of networks. The analysis of the network map comprises an analysis tool indicating the pathways for psychosocial care to reach the production of mental health care. (AU)

Estructura factorial y de red de una escala breve de soledad (RULS-6) en adolescentes peruanos / Factor and network structure of a brief loneliness scale (RULS-6) in Peruvian adolescents

La soledad es un fenómeno psicológico que puede afectar a la salud de los adolescentes. Genera una gran sensación de aislamiento social, amenazapersonal y falta de control que puede llevar a una mayor vulnerabilidad a desarrollar algún trastorno mental. Sin embargo, hasta ahora no se cuenta conuna medida de soledad adaptada en adolescentes hispanos. El objetivo fue validar la medida de 6-items Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (RULS-6)en adolescentes peruanos. El estudio incluyó a 456 adolescentes peruanos (49% eran mujeres) estudiantes de nivel secundaria entre 12 y 17 años(M = 14,57, DT = 1,64). Primero se realizó la traducción y la revisión lingüística de la escala de soledad revisada de la UCLA. Luego se procedió a lacalificación de una versión adaptada recientemente de seis ítems (RULS-6) mediante la evidencia de validez basado en el contenido. Posteriormente,se realizó el análisis factorial confirmatorio, que presentó resultados óptimos de la unidimensionalidad del instrumento y su fiabilidad. Asimismo, seanalizó la invarianza entre hombres y mujeres y según grupos de edad, que permitió determinar la equivalencia entre los grupos categóricos de hombresy mujeres y según la edad (entre 12 y 14 años y, 15 y 17 años). Finalmente se realizó el análisis de red para evaluar las relaciones entre los elementosdel RULS-6. Los resultados refieren que la medida RULS-6 es una prueba unidimensional consistente y fiable, que arroja resultados válidos en adolescentes peruanos. (AU)

Loneliness is a psychological phenomenon that can affect the health of adolescents. It generates a strong sense of social isolation, personal threat and lack of control that can lead to a greater vulnerabilityto developing a mental disorder. However, so far there is no measure of loneliness adapted to Hispanic adolescents. The objective was to validatethe 6-items Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (RULS-6) in Peruvian adolescents. The study included 456 Peruvian adolescents (49% were female)high school students between 12 and 17 years of age (M = 14.57, SD = 1.64). First, translation and linguistic revision of the revised UCLA loneliness scale was performed. We then proceeded to the scoring of a newly adapted six-item version (RULS-6) using content-based validity evidence,followed by confirmatory factor analysis, which presented optimal results of the instrument’s unidimensionality and reliability. Likewise, the invariancebetween males and females and according to age groups was analyzed, which made it possible to determine the equivalence between the categorical groups of males and females and according to age (from 12 to 14 years and from 15 to 17 years). Finally, network analysis was performed toevaluate the relationships between the RULS-6 items. The results indicate that the RULS-6 measure is a consistent and reliable unidimensional test,which yields valid results in Peruvian adolescents. (AU)

Evidencias psicométricas mediante SEM y análisis de red del “Inventario de crecimiento postraumático” en adolescentes peruanos / Psychometric evidence through SEM and network analysis of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Peruvian adolescents

El crecimiento postraumático es la capacidad psicológica para percibir cambios positivos ante eventos altamente estresantes o potencialmente traumáticos y puede ser especialmente útil para amortiguar sus efectos en la vida de los adolescentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la adaptación peruana del “Inventario de crecimiento postraumático” (PTGI). Participaron 2103 adolescentes (50,7% hombres) de entre 13 y 19 años, quienes estuvieron expuestos a algún evento altamente estresante en los últimos cinco años. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio, invarianza factorial, análisis de red y se correlacionó el PTGI con una medida de bienestar. Se observó el mejor ajuste parsimonioso en un modelo unidimensional de 21 ítems, el PTGI mostró ser invariante según el sexo, el análisis de red determinó mayor medida de centralidad de fuerza en el ítem 2 (apreciación de la vida). Estos resultados indican que el PTGI es una prueba con validez de constructo, invariante, fiable y adecuado para evaluar el nivel de crecimiento psicológico en adolescentes peruanos que sufrieron algún evento estresante durante los últimos cinco años (AU)

Posttraumatic growth is the psychological capacity to perceive positive changes in the face of highly stressful or potentially traumatic events and may be especially useful in buffering their effects in the lives of adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Peruvian adaptation of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). A total of 2103 adolescents (50.7% male) between 13 and 19 years of age, who were exposed to some highly stressful event in the previous five years, participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis, factorial invariance, network analysis and correlation of the PTGI with a measure of well-being were performed. The best parsimonious fit was observed in a 21-item unidimensional model, the PTGI was shown to be gender invariant, and network analysis determined a greater measure of strength centrality in item 2 (appreciation of life). These results indicate that the PTGI is a test with construct validity, invariant, reliable and adequate to evaluate the level of psychological growth in Peruvian adolescents who suffered some stressful event during the previous five years (AU)

Análise bibliométrica e de rede dos 40 anos da revista psicologia: ciência e profissão / Bibliometric and network analysis of the 40 years of the journal psicologia: ciência e profissão / Análisis bibliométrico y de redes de los 40 años de la revista psicologia: ciência e profissão

Resumo No ano de celebração dos 40 anos da revista Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão cabe verificar como esta revista foi delineando a sua própria história e do campo da Psicologia no Brasil. Neste sentido, o presente artigo teve como objetivo delimitar os principais autores, instituições e palavras-chave que trouxeram a revista até o momento atual. Partindo de uma análise bibliométrica e de redes, obteve-se como resultado os temas, autores e instituições que tiveram protagonismo e a interação entre esses atores. As conclusões apontam que a revista assume uma postura epistemológica pluralista e que tanto os aspectos científicos como os relacionados a práticas e atuação dos profissionais se mantêm ao longo desses 40 anos.

Abstract In the year of celebration of the 40th anniversary of the journal Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão (Psychology: Science and Profession), it is necessary to review how this journal has been outlining its own history and the field of Psychology in Brazil. In this sense, this article aimed to delimit which were the main authors, institutions and keywords that brought the journal to the present moment. Based on a bibliometric and network analysis, it was obtained as a result which themes, authors and institutions had protagonism and interaction among these actors. The conclusions indicate that the journal assumes a pluralist epistemological posture and that both the scientific aspects and those related to the practices and performance of professionals are maintained throughout these 40 years.

Resumen En el año en que se celebra el 40º aniversario de la revista Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão (Psicología: Ciencia y Profesión), es necesario revisar cómo esta revista ha ido perfilando su propia historia y el campo de la Psicología en el Brasil. En este sentido, este artículo pretendía delimitar cuáles fueron los principales autores, instituciones y palabras clave que llevaron a la revista al momento actual. Basándose en un análisis bibliométrico y de redes, se obtuvo como resultado qué temas, autores e instituciones eran los principales e interacción entre estos actores. Las conclusiones indican que la revista asume una postura epistemológica pluralista y que tanto los aspectos científicos como los relacionados con las prácticas y el desempeño de los profesionales se mantienen a lo largo de estos 40 años.

A colaboração na produção de artigos dos professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Movimento Humano da ESEF, da UFRGS, entre 2007 e 2009: análise de rede social / Collaboration in production of articles of teachers of the Graduate Studies Program in Human Movement Science of the ESEF of the UFRGS between 2007 and 2009: social network analysis / La colaboración en la producción de artículos de los profesores del Programa de Posgraduación en Ciencia del Movimiento Humano de la ESEF de la UFRGS entre 2007 a 2009: análisis de red social

O pesquisador solitário é uma figura distante da contemporaneidade. O trabalho colaborativo na comunidade científica se expandiu enormemente no século XX apoiado pela tecnologia da informação. Para tal quadro contribuíram a utilização dos recursos eletrônicos e o acirramento da competitividade no meio acadêmico e em outras organizações. A colaboração em rede fortalece laços entre pesquisadores e instituições que, dessa forma, gerem os recursos e as atividades interdisciplinares de pesquisas e contribuem para o sustento mútuo na construção do saber científico. Este artigo visa contribuir para a identificação das redes de colaboração dos professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Movimento Humano (PPGCMH) da UFRGS, no período de 2007 a 2009, referente ao último triênio de avaliação da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Foram identificados 204 artigos e 280 autores nos artigos publicados. Os resultados apontam no sentido de uma rede colaborativa em construção, com poucas ligações entre os professores e mais entre os grupos de pesquisa. Este artigo pretende contribuir para estudos no campo da produção científica da educação física, e servir como um instrumento às atividades de investigação e de possibilidades de intercâmbio institucional

The lone researcher is a figure distant from contemporaneity. Collaborative work in the scientific community expanded enormously in the twentieth century supported by information technology. The use of electronic resources and intense competition in the academic means and other organizations contributed to this outcome. Network collaboration strengthens ties between researchers and institutions, which thus generate resources and interdisciplinary research activities and contribute to mutual support in the construction of scientific knowledge. This article aims to contribute to the identification of collaborative networks of teachers in the Graduate Studies Program in Human Movement Science (PPGCMH) of the UFRGS, in the period 2007-2009, covering the last triennial valuation of the Coordination of Personnel Training (CAPES). 204 articles and 280 authors in published articles were identified. The results point towards a collaborative network under construction, with few links between teachers and more among research groups. This article contributes to studies in the scientific production field of physical education, and as a tool to research activities and opportunities for institutional exchange

El investigador solitario es una figura distante de la contemporaneidad. El trabajo colaborativo en la comunidad científica se expandió enormemente en el siglo XX apoyado por la tecnología de la información. Para este cuadro contribuyeron la utilización de los recursos electrónicos y la agudización de la competitividad en el medio académico y en otras organizaciones. La colaboración en red fortalece lazos entre investigadores e instituciones, que, de esta forma, generan los recursos y las actividades interdisciplinarias de investigación y contribuyen al sustento mutuo en la construcción del saber científico. Este artículo busca contribuir a la identificación de las redes de colaboración de los profesores del Programa de Posgraduación en Ciencia del Movimiento Humano (PPGCMH) de la UFRGS, en el periodo de 2007 a 2009, referente al último trienio de evaluación de la Coordinación del Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Nivel Superior (CAPES, en su sigla en portugués). Fueron identificados 204 artículos y 280 autores en los artículos publicados. Los resultados apuntan en el sentido de una red colaborativa en construcción, con pocas conexiones entre los profesores y más entre los grupos de investigación. Este artículo pretende contribuir para estudios en el campo de la producción científica de la educación física, y como un instrumento a las actividades de investigación y de posibilidades de intercambio institucional